SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus and COVID-19 Resources

COVID-19: Wisconsin Wastewater Monitoring Program

New method of calculating concentration categories
On November 29, 2023, the Wisconsin Wastewater Monitoring Program updated its method of calculating concentration categories.

COVID-19 Wisconsin Wastewater

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The Lancet COVID-19 Commission

The Lancet Commission on lessons for the future from the COVID-19 pandemic provides a comprehensive investigation, analysis, and response to COVID-19. The Commission delivers a number of recommendations that are divided into three main areas. First, practical steps to finally control and understand the COVID-19 pandemic. Second, realistic, feasible, and necessary investments to strengthen the first line of defence against emerging infectious agents in countries by strengthening health systems and widening universal health coverage. Third, ambitious proposals to ignite a renaissance in multilateralism, integrating the global response to the risk of future pandemics with actions to address the climate crisis and reversals in sustainable development.

The Lancet Commissions

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The Lancet Commission on lessons for the future from the COVID-19 pandemic

This Commission report aims to contribute to a new era of multilateral cooperation based on strong UN institutions to reduce the dangers of COVID-19, forestall the next pandemic, and enable the world to achieve the agreed goals of sustainable development, human rights, and peace that governments are committed to pursue as members of the UN. We address this Commission report to the UN member states, the UN agencies and multilateral institutions, and multilateral processes such as the G20 and the G7. Our aim is to propose guideposts for strengthening the multilateral system to address global emergencies and to achieve sustainable development. In issuing this report, we commend the excellent work of many important international studies that have preceded our own, most notably those from the Independent Panel for Pandemic Preparedness and Response and the G20 High-Level Independent Panel on Financing the Global Commons on Pandemic Preparedness and Response.

Published Online 14 September 2022

The Lancet Commission

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Folk Theories of Avoiding Content Moderation: How Vaccine-Opposed Influencers Amplify Vaccine Opposition on Instagram

Volume 8, Issue 4, October-December 2022

SAGE Journals

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Measurement and rapid assessment of indoor air quality at mass gathering events to assess ventilation performance and reduce aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2

Published 2022

Indoor Air Quality

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Effectiveness of N95 Masks against SARS-CoV-2: Performance Efficiency, Concerns, and Future Directions

Published 2022

Effectiveness of N95 Masks

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Simple numbers to fight anti-vaccine misinformation, comparing vaccinated and unvaccinated populations

Here is a relatively simple way of giving people important context about the number of deaths and ICU hospitalisations with Covid between vaccinated and unvaccinated people.

"However, when . . . put into context as proportions of the total number of people in the state, the protective effect of vaccines is obvious."

Nick Evershed, 27 Jan 2022

LINK

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Efficacy of Portable Air Cleaners and Masking for Reducing Indoor Exposure to Simulated Exhaled SARS-CoV-2 Aerosols

09 July 2021

Portable Air Cleaners and Masking

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The Long History of mRNA Vaccines

Published 06 October 2021

By Chris Beyrer

mRNA vaccines

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SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review of indoor air sampling for virus detection

Published 25 February 2021

Review of indoor air sampling for virus detection

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How to Build a Corsi-Rosenthal Box

Indoor air quality is a public health issue. Clean indoor air is needed everywhere, especially in libraries and school classrooms.

Corsi-Rosenthal boxes are easy to build DIY air purifiers.

Science in Action: How to Build a Corsi-Rosenthal Box

Corsi-Rosenthal Box

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Efficacy of biocidal agents and disinfectants against the monkeypox virus and other orthopoxviruses

Biocidal agents and disinfectants against monkeypox virus

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Monkeypox Cleaning

Household cleaning and disinfection information Monkeypox

Cleaning Monkeypox

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Monkeypox

Monkeypox Fact Sheet

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Combating COVID-19 and Preparing for the Next Pandemic

In this Argonne Director's Special Colloquium, researchers from multiple institutions discuss the national response to COVID-19 including how decades of mRNA research contributed to the development of effective vaccines against the disease.

Argonne National Laboratory Colloquium

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SARS-CoV-2 infection and persistence throughout the human body and brain

COVID-19 is known to cause multi-organ dysfunction1-3 in acute infection, with prolonged symptoms experienced by some patients, termed Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC)4-5. However, the burden of infection outside the respiratory tract and time to viral clearance is not well characterized, particularly in the brain3,6-14. We performed complete autopsies on 44 patients with COVID-19 to map and quantify SARS-CoV-2 distribution, replication, and cell-type specificity across the human body, including brain, from acute infection through over seven months following symptom onset. We show that SARS-CoV-2 is widely distributed, even among patients who died with asymptomatic to mild COVID-19, and that virus replication is present in multiple extrapulmonary tissues early in infection. Further, we detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA in multiple anatomic sites, including regions throughout the brain, for up to 230 days following symptom onset. Despite extensive distribution of SARS-CoV-2 in the body, we observed a paucity of inflammation or direct viral cytopathology outside of the lungs. Our data prove that SARS-CoV-2 causes systemic infection and can persist in the body for months.

20 December 2021

Nature Portfolio pre-print

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COVID-19: A Serious Vascular Disease with Primary Symptoms of a Respiratory Ailment

Michael Kalafatis,The Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine, Volume 6, Issue 5, September 2021, Pages 1099–1104.

LINK

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COVID-19 Awareness Training Webinar Series

Participants who complete the training will have an understanding of the basic and applied biology of the COVID-19 pandemic. Learners are introduced to core concepts in virology, immunology, and public health in order to comprehend COVID-19 infection, disease and prevention. After successfully completing the 9 sessions participants will have basic knowledge on the COVID-19 pandemic to make them better consumers of health information.

The webinar is divided into nine sessions of ten minutes or less. Each session addresses a central question or questions relevant to the COVID-19 pandemic. Sessions begin with basic concepts and build to relevant COVID-19 information.

COVID-19 Awareness Training

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Metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic changes of vital organs in SARS-CoV-2–induced systemic toxicity

"In summary, we present a murine model of SARS-CoV-2–induced, rapidly developing systemic toxicity that involves multiple organs, causes severe morbidity and near organismal demise, and recapitulates many clinical phenotypes that are associated with a poor prognosis in humans with COVID-19. Our observations shed insight on the role of metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming in the pathogenesis of multiorgan involvement and lethality in COVID-19."

25 January 2021

JCI Insight

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Retracted coronavirus (COVID-19) papers

We’ve been tracking retractions of papers about COVID-19 as part of our database. Here’s a running list, which will be updated as needed. (For some context on these figures, see this letter in Accountability in Research and the last section of this Nature news article. Also see a note about the terminology regarding preprint servers at the end.)

Retraction Watch

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SARS-CoV-2 variants are emerging and gaining traction around the world. What does that mean for our vaccines and treatments for COVID-19?

Last updated 02 August 2021

C&EN

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It’s a Pandemic. You need answers

Welcome to Dear Pandemic, a website where bona fide nerdy girls post real info on COVID-19. They are committed to facts.

Dear Pandemic

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Efficacy of Portable Air Cleaners and Masking for Reducing Indoor Exposure to Simulated Exhaled SARS-CoV-2 Aerosols — United States, 2021

Early Release / July 2, 2021 / 70

William G. Lindsley, PhD1; Raymond C. Derk, MS1; Jayme P. Coyle, PhD1; Stephen B. Martin Jr., PhD2; Kenneth R. Mead, PhD3; Francoise M. Blachere, MS1; Donald H. Beezhold, PhD1; John T. Brooks, MD4; Theresa Boots, MS1; John D. Noti, PhD1

These findings suggest that portable HEPA air cleaners can reduce exposure to SARS-CoV-2 aerosols in indoor environments, with greater reductions in exposure occurring when used in combination with universal masking.

CDC

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A HOPEFULLY HELPFUL SHORT REPORT ON AIR CLEANERS

UPDATE: An air cleaner sizing tool (downloadable excel spreadsheet) is now available to size portable air cleaners for use in a school classroom.

15 June 2020

Shelly L. Miller

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A guideline to limit indoor airborne transmission of COVID-19

Martin Z. Bazant and John W. M. Bush

PNAS April 27, 2021 118 (17) e2018995118 

PNAS

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Coronavirus: Research, Commentary, and News

Science Magazine

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Exhaled CO2 as a COVID-19 Infection Risk Proxy for Different Indoor Environments and Activities

CO2 is co-exhaled with aerosols containing SARS-CoV-2 by COVID-19-infected people and can be used as a proxy of SARS-CoV-2 concentrations indoors. 

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. 2021, 8, 5, 392–397, Publication Date: 5 April 2021

Environmental Science & Technology Letters

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The physics of evaporating human-exhaled drops and possible implications for virus viability

Jorgen Jensen (Earth Observing Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research)

American Physical Society March Meeting 2021

APS Session C58: Physics of COVID-19

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Which air purification technologies can tackle COVID-19?

Air-cleaning devices that claim to remove SARS-CoV-2 have hit shelves, backed by varying levels of data.

12 March 2021

C&EN

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What the new variants of covid-19 mean for human health

Between now and when vaccines are widely available countries will face some hard choices

The Economist

2 January 2021

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The Plague Year: The mistakes and the struggles behind America’s coronavirus tragedy.

By Lawrence Wright, 28 December 2020

It's clear we didn't know everything in February 2020. There's a lot we knew, but didn't become public.

The New Yorker

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THE CORONAVIRUS CRISIS Will We Be Better Prepared To Face The Pandemic In 2021?

Interview of David Quammen, author of Spillover: Infections and the Next Human Pandemic

27 December 2020

NPR

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Amazon, with Herbs and the Internet

By Rachel Riederer

11 December 2020

In May, Ecuador’s coalition of indigenous governments, confeniae, launched an online dashboard to track cases of the disease in indigenous communities and identify outbreaks so that medical brigades, PCR tests, and emergency kits could be directed to the places that needed them.

The New Yorker

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How the novel coronavirus has evolved

The world is now dealing with a different type of SARS-CoV-2 than the one that emerged in China almost a year ago, with mutations creating at least seven strains of the virus so far.

10 December 2020

LINK

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Don’t Eat Inside a Restaurant

The risk of catching the coronavirus is much higher indoors.

by OLGA KHAZAN

20 NOVEMBER 2020

The Atlantic

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Reliable sources of VOVID-19 information and data resource hub

COVID Resource Hub

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Michigan Tech COVID-19 Town Hall Series

The COVID-19 Town Hall Series is free and open to the public. Each session features a diverse panel of experts and will focus on different aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic and its impacts on our communities. You can join the Zoom link below and watch past sessions. 

UP Community Health Town Hall Series

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Chemistry in Coronavirus Research: A Free to Read Collection from the American Chemical Society

ACS Publications shares this Virtual Issue that features a collection of articles on coronavirus research, updated regularly. Chemistry has a key role to play in understanding everything from viral structure to pathogenesis, isolation of vaccines and therapies, as well as in the development of materials and techniques used by basic researchers, virologists and clinicians.

Virtual Issue

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COVID-19 PREPAREDNESS KIT

The Sigma Xi COVID-19 Preparedness Kit consists of tools and resources that will help manage the challenges of social distancing.

Here are links to free or low-cost resources to use during the COVID-19 outbreak, including personal and professional development courses, tips for homeschooling children, and entertainment websites, e.g., free online concerts, museum tours, and interactive experiences. 

The Preparedness Kit also includes key scientific information about the outbreak as well as the latest research on COVID-19.

COVID LINK

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Mayo Clinic research confirms critical role of masks in preventing COVID-19 infection

MAYO CLINIC

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Transmission heterogeneities, kinetics, and controllability of SARS-CoV-2

Science  24 Nov 2020

A long-standing question in infectious disease dynamics concerns the role of transmission heterogeneities, driven by demography, behavior and interventions. Based on detailed patient and contact tracing data in Hunan, China we find 80% of secondary infections traced back to 15% of SARS-CoV-2 primary infections, indicating substantial transmission heterogeneities. Transmission risk scales positively with the duration of exposure and the closeness of social interactions and is modulated by demographic and clinical factors. The lockdown period increases transmission risk in the family and households, while isolation and quarantine reduce risks across all types of contacts. DOI: 10.1126/science.abe2424

Transmission heterogeneities, kinetics, and controllability of SARS-CoV-2 | Science (sciencemag.org)

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How well do aerosols transmit SARS-CoV-2? 

The confined, poorly ventilated experimental chamber could be seen as a worst-case scenario: The authors suggest that the risk of transmission during short exposure times would be smaller in larger, better ventilated indoor spaces. (S. H. Smith et al., Phys. Fluids 32, 107108, 2020.) 05 November 2020

Physics Today

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Scientists Introduced A Chemically Altered Face Mask To Halt The Spread Of The Coronavirus

31 October 2020

Forbes

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8 In 10 Hospitalized Covid-19 Coronavirus Patients Were Vitamin D Deficient: New Study

Vitamin D link

27 October 2020

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AIAH Coronavirus Outbreak Resource Center

LINK

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World Health Organization, Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic

WHO

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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Coronavirus (COVID-19)

CDC

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Johns Hopkins University, Corona Virus Resources

JHU

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Global to local maps and tables

Global to local maps and tables of Contagion Risk, Infection State, Weekly New Cases, Weekly New Deaths, Cases/100K, Deaths/100K, Cases, Deaths. Zoom to view more details or click on a locationto view details.

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7 November 2020

A minority of people with covid-19 account for the bulk of transmission

ARTICLE

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AIAH Personal Protective Equipment for SARS-CoV-2

PDF

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29 August 2020

Reducing the Risk of COVID-19 Using Engineering Controls

PDF

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21 August 2020

Effective and Safe Practices, Guidance for Custodians, Cleaning, and Maintenance Staff

PDF

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11 August 2020

Employers Guide to COVID-19 Cleaning and Disinfection in Non-Healthcare Workplaces

PDF

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1 July 2020

Occupational Safety and Health Guide for Surface Disinfection Practices using Germicidal Ultraviolet Radiation

PDF

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22 June 2020

Use of Real Time Detection Systems to Protect the Public During COVID-19

PDF

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2020

PROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS FOR HEALTHCARE WORKERS and FIRST RESPONDERS

The production of infectious aerosols can vary wildly between individuals and experts are exploring why in the COVID-19 era.

PDF

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27 October 2020

Why some people are superspreaders and how the body emits coronavirus

The production of infectious aerosols can vary wildly between individuals and experts are exploring why in the COVID-19 era.

ARTICLE

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13 October 2020

Have you wondered where the novel corona virus came from?

Kiki Sanford, producer and host of the This Week in Science podcast, interviews David Deamer, University of California-Santa Cruz. COVID-19 Pandemic: An Evolutionary Perspective.

VIDEO

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The CDC Glossary is available at:

GLOSSARY

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Turbulent Gas Clouds and Respiratory Pathogen Emissions: Potential Implications for Reducing Transmission of COVID-19

Bourouiba L., JAMA. 2020;323(18):1837 1838.doi:10.1001/jama.2020.4756

Modeling virus transmission:      RADIO INTERVIEW       YOU TUBE VIDEO

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Bulletin of the World Health Organization

Control, elimination, eradication and re-emergence of infectious diseases: getting the message right

February 2006

WHO

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